Safety & Limitations Disclaimer

AwaDoc CDST is an artificial intelligence–assisted Clinical Decision Support (CDS) platform designed to support healthcare professionals in clinical reasoning, documentation, care navigation, and related healthcare workflows. AwaDoc CDST may generate drafts of differential diagnoses, clinical assessments and plans, summaries, clinical reasoning considerations, and responses to clinical reference questions.

AwaDoc CDST is intended to assist and not replace the professional judgment of a qualified healthcare professional. All outputs generated by the platform must be independently reviewed, interpreted, and validated by the clinician before being relied upon in clinical practice or used in connection with patient care.

The clinician remains solely responsible for:

• Reviewing and validating AI-generated outputs;
• Obtaining an appropriate patient history and conducting clinical examination;
• Ordering and interpreting appropriate investigations;
• Considering relevant clinical guidelines, protocols, and standards of care;
• Making the final diagnosis and treatment decision;
• Assessing the individual circumstances, preferences, and needs of each patient; and
• Determining whether and how an AwaDoc CDST output should influence patient care.

AwaDoc CDST should only be used as an adjunct to clinical reasoning and must never replace, supersede, or independently determine a clinician’s professional judgment.

Unless expressly identified as supported by a specific AwaDoc CDST feature, the core CDS functionality is not designed or intended to independently acquire, process, interpret, or analyze medical images, physiological signals, signals generated by in-vitro diagnostic devices, or other clinical signals from medical or diagnostic equipment.

Clinicians must not rely on an AwaDoc CDST output as a substitute for appropriate interpretation of diagnostic images, laboratory results, physiological signals, medical-device outputs, or other diagnostic information by appropriately qualified professionals or validated clinical systems.

Where AwaDoc introduces specific functionality capable of processing such information, that functionality will be subject to its applicable documentation, intended-use limitations, safety controls, and regulatory requirements.

Artificial intelligence systems, including large language models, have inherent limitations. AwaDoc CDST may produce incorrect, incomplete, inconsistent, or misleading outputs, including outputs that appear clinically plausible but are not appropriate for the individual patient.

Testing, evaluation, monitoring, and ongoing development of AI clinical decision-support systems may reveal limitations in particular specialties, clinical scenarios, or patient populations.

AwaDoc CDST may be subject to limitations, particularly in areas involving:

• Palliative and end-of-life care;
• Complex or rare clinical presentations;
• Multiple co-existing or interacting conditions;
• Complex medication or treatment decisions;
• Complex statistical or quantitative calculations;
• Clinical decision-making under substantial uncertainty;
• Complex ethical, legal, or professional questions;
• Patient-centred and preference-sensitive decisions;
• Assessment of patient safety and quality-improvement initiatives;
• Identification of social, economic, environmental, or cultural factors affecting health; and
• Situations requiring highly specialised clinical expertise or multidisciplinary judgement.

These examples are not exhaustive. Limitations may arise in other clinical circumstances, and the performance of an AI system may vary depending on the quality, completeness, accuracy, and context of the information provided to it.

AwaDoc continuously evaluates and develops its systems with these limitations in mind. However, no AI system can guarantee clinically accurate or appropriate outputs in every circumstance.

Large language models and other AI systems may reproduce or amplify biases present in their training data, model development processes, external sources, or user-provided information.

AwaDoc recognises that healthcare decisions in Nigeria and across Africa may involve important contextual factors, including geography, language, culture, socioeconomic circumstances, access to healthcare, ethnicity, sex, gender, age, disability, and other social determinants of health.

AwaDoc seeks to develop and deploy its AI systems in a manner that promotes safety, fairness, inclusion, and health equity.

Clinicians should nevertheless exercise particular care when using AI-generated outputs involving characteristics or circumstances that may materially affect clinical assessment or access to care. Relevant patient characteristics should not be unnecessarily omitted where they are clinically relevant to diagnosis, treatment, risk assessment, or patient-centred care.

Clinicians should never rely on an AI-generated output as the sole basis for a clinical decision involving a patient’s demographic, cultural, socioeconomic, geographic, linguistic, disability, or other personal characteristics. Such factors should be considered by qualified healthcare professionals within the appropriate clinical context.

Healthcare delivery across Nigeria and Africa varies considerably by jurisdiction, healthcare system, available resources, disease burden, clinical guidelines, medicines, diagnostic capacity, professional standards, and local practice.

Information or recommendations generated by AwaDoc CDST may not always reflect:

• Local hospital or institutional protocols;
• The availability of medicines, diagnostics, specialists, or other healthcare resources in a particular location;
• Local antimicrobial-resistance patterns;
• Country-specific regulatory requirements;
• Cultural or linguistic considerations; or
• The clinical realities of a particular African healthcare environment.

Clinicians using AwaDoc CDST in Nigeria or another African jurisdiction are responsible for determining whether an output is consistent with applicable local laws, professional standards, clinical guidelines, institutional protocols, available resources, and the circumstances of the individual patient.

AwaDoc CDST does not physically examine patients, independently observe their clinical condition, or possess the complete clinical context that may be available to a treating healthcare professional.

AI-generated recommendations may therefore be materially affected by incomplete, inaccurate, ambiguous, outdated, or incorrectly entered information.

Clinicians should not assume that an output is correct merely because it is expressed confidently, comprehensively, or in clinically familiar language.

The absence of a warning, diagnosis, recommendation, or clinical consideration from AwaDoc CDST must not be interpreted as evidence that such a condition, diagnosis, risk, or treatment option does not exist.

AwaDoc CDST should not be relied upon as the sole source of information or decision-making in emergencies or other time-critical clinical situations.

Where immediate intervention is required, clinicians should follow applicable emergency protocols, institutional procedures, clinical guidelines, and professional standards and should obtain appropriate specialist or emergency assistance where necessary.

The use of AwaDoc CDST must not delay emergency assessment, treatment, referral, escalation of care, or other clinically necessary action.

AwaDoc CDST is expressly intended for use by qualified and authorised healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations.

It is not intended for direct use by patients or members of the general public for personal medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or emergency decision-making.

Patients should seek appropriate care from a qualified healthcare professional rather than relying on AwaDoc CDST output.

AwaDoc CDST does not establish a physician-patient, clinician-patient, or other treatment relationship between AwaDoc and any patient.

The clinician using AwaDoc CDST remains responsible for the clinical care provided to the patient.

AwaDoc CDST does not independently diagnose, prescribe, treat, refer, or make final clinical decisions on behalf of a healthcare professional.

Any decision to accept, modify, reject, or disregard an AwaDoc CDST output must be made by the appropriately qualified healthcare professional based on their independent assessment and professional judgment.

The quality of AwaDoc CDST outputs may depend substantially on the quality and completeness of the information supplied to the platform.

Clinicians should provide sufficient and accurate clinical context for the intended clinical-support task and should verify information before relying on an output.

AwaDoc CDST should not be used to compensate for materially incomplete or unreliable patient information.

Clinicians and Healthcare Organisations must only submit patient information to AwaDoc CDST where they have the necessary authority, lawful basis, permissions, and other requirements necessary under applicable Nigerian or African data-protection, healthcare, professional, confidentiality, and institutional requirements.

Where the relevant AwaDoc CDST environment or Customer Agreement requires de-identification, pseudonymisation, specific security controls, or other safeguards, those requirements must be followed.

Clinicians should minimize the inclusion of unnecessary patient-identifying information when it is not required for the clinical-support task.

Patient information must be handled in accordance with applicable data-protection and confidentiality requirements, including the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023, where applicable, and equivalent data-protection laws in other African jurisdictions.

AwaDoc does not guarantee that the use of AwaDoc CDST will result in a particular diagnosis, treatment outcome, clinical outcome, reduction in medical error, improvement in patient safety, or other healthcare result.

The platform is designed to support healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations, but clinical outcomes depend on numerous factors beyond the operation of an AI decision-support system.

AwaDoc CDST is continuously developed, evaluated, monitored, and improved.

Changes to models, algorithms, data sources, system architecture, clinical content, safeguards, or other components may affect system behavior and performance.

Accordingly, an output generated by AwaDoc CDST at one point in time may differ from an output generated later from the same or similar information.

AwaDoc will continue to evaluate the safety, reliability, performance, fairness, and clinical usefulness of its AI Technologies as part of its ongoing product-development and quality-improvement processes.

AwaDoc CDST is an AI-assisted clinical decision-support system, not an autonomous clinical decision-maker.

Its outputs are intended to assist qualified healthcare professionals with clinical reasoning and healthcare workflows. They are not definitive medical advice, diagnosis, treatment instructions, or a substitute for professional clinical judgment.

Every AwaDoc CDST output must be independently reviewed and clinically validated by an appropriately qualified healthcare professional before it is relied upon for patient care.

By using AwaDoc CDST, Clinicians and Healthcare Organizations acknowledge that AI-generated information has inherent limitations and agree to use the platform responsibly, in accordance with applicable laws, professional obligations, clinical standards, institutional protocols, and the specific circumstances of each patient.

For questions concerning AwaDoc CDST, its clinical decision-support functionality, safety, limitations, or intended use, contact:

AwaDoc Healthcare (Limited)
14B Imman Dauda Street, Surulere, Lagos - Nigeria.
Email: cdst@awadoc.com